An arc length that is too long will cause the arc to widen, spreading the heat and causing the molten metal to puddle and drop.

The weld is inspected for undercutting, penetration, porosity, and slag inclusions. Safety Considerations for Overhead Welding

Ensure your shielding gas cup is close to the joint to prevent cross-drafts from blowing away the gas, which causes porosity.

Contaminated metal; loss of shielding gas coverage due to drafts.

Clean all slag thoroughly between passes if using Stick or Flux-Cored wire. Process-Specific Tips for 4F SMAW (Stick)

Caused by too much amperage or improper angle, cutting into the base metal at the toes of the weld.

Positions are categorized by numbers (1 through 4) and letters (F or G):

Cleanliness is paramount. Overhead welding exacerbates the defects caused by mill scale, rust, oil, and moisture.

in the direction of travel) to help propel the metal forward rather than letting it drip down.

, which joins two metal pieces perpendicularly (such as a T-joint). Industrial Use